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Circuit resonance
The phenomenon of a passive (referring to a circuit without an independent power source) linear time invariant circuit containing an inductor coil and a capacitor exhibiting pure resistance properties when subjected to an external power source at a specific frequency. This specific frequency is the resonant frequency of the circuit. A circuit whose main working state is resonance is called a resonant circuit. Radio equipment uses resonant circuits to perform functions such as tuning and filtering. The power system needs to prevent resonance to avoid causing overcurrent and overvoltage.
There are linear resonance, nonlinear resonance, and parametric resonance in circuits. The former is resonance that occurs in linear time invariant passive circuits, with series resonant circuits being a typical example. Nonlinear resonance occurs in circuits containing nonlinear components. A circuit composed of iron core coils and linear capacitors in series (or parallel) (commonly known as a ferromagnetic resonance circuit) can undergo nonlinear resonance. Under sinusoidal excitation, fundamental resonance, high-order harmonic resonance, subharmonic resonance, and amplitude and phase jumps of current (or voltage) will occur in the circuit. These phenomena are collectively referred to as ferromagnetic resonance. Parametric resonance is the resonance that occurs in circuits containing time-varying components. Parametric resonance may occur in a circuit with a capacitive load in a salient pole synchronous generator.
The so-called resonance, according to circuit theory, is a sine voltage applied to an ideal (parasitic resistance free) series circuit of inductance and capacitance. When the sine frequency is a certain value, the capacitance and inductance are equal, the impedance of the circuit is zero, and the circuit current reaches infinity; If a sine voltage is applied to a parallel circuit of inductance and capacitance, when the frequency of the sine voltage is a certain value, the total admittance of the circuit (admittance is the reciprocal of impedance) is zero, and the voltage on the inductance and capacitance components is infinite. The former is called series resonance, while the latter is called parallel resonance.
In an AC circuit with resistor R, inductor L, and capacitor C components, the voltage at both ends of the circuit is generally different in phase from the current in it. If we adjust the parameters or power frequency of circuit components (L or C), we can make their phases the same, and the entire circuit appears purely resistive. When a circuit reaches this state, it is called resonance. In the resonant state, the total impedance of the circuit reaches or approximates its maximum value. The purpose of studying resonance is to understand this objective phenomenon and fully utilize its characteristics in science and applied technology, while also preventing the harm it may cause.
